Estatus de vacunación contra influenza, neumococo y herpes zóster en pacientes con artritis reumatoidea y espondiloartritis
Resumen
Introducción: la vacunación previene infecciones al mejorar la inmunidad. Objetivos: evaluar la prevalencia de cobertura de vacunación antigripal, antineumocócica y contra el herpes zóster (HZ) en una cohorte de pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) y espondiloartritis (EspA), y estimar la prevalencia de episodios de HZ y sus complicaciones. Material y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo de corte transversal, realizado de marzo a julio de 2023 en un único centro. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de AR según criterios ACR-EULAR 2010 y pacientes con EspA según criterios CASPAR para APs o ASAS 2009 para EspA axial. Se consignaron datos sobre vacunación (antigripal, antineumocóccica y contra el HZ) y antecedentes de infección de virus varicela zóster (VVZ) y HZ. Resultados: se incluyeron 90 pacientes. El 81,1% refirió antecedentes de infección por VVZ y el 22,2% por HZ. El 88,9% recibió al menos una dosis de la vacuna antigripal; el 82,2% recibió una dosis con PCV13 y el 58,9% con PPSV23. Ningún paciente se encontraba vacunado contra el HZ (el 100% por falta de indicación). Aquellos pacientes que habían recibido la vacuna antigripal por 5 años consecutivos y PPSV23 fueron más frecuentemente mujeres y de mayor edad. Conclusiones: pertenecer al sexo femenino y tener mayor edad se asociaron significativamente a mayor vacunación antigripal y PPSV23. La prevalencia de HZ fue similar a la población general y la vacunación fue nula.Citas
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