CAPÍTULO 9: Utilidad de la radiología y la tomografía en pacientes con espondiloartritis axial
Resumen
La neoformación ósea es una característica distintiva de las espondiloartritis (EspA). La misma se ha relacionado con una respuesta exagerada del tejido al estrés mecánico y la inflamación en las zonas de inserción de tendones y ligamentos (entesis), en contexto de un exceso respuesta de reparación. Particularmente en el esqueleto axial, las manifestaciones inflamatorias como la sacroilitis, la espondilitis, la espondilodiscitis y las espondiloartritis conducen a la formación de hueso nuevo a lo largo de los espacios intervertebrales (sindesmofitos) y en las articulaciones sacroilíacas (SI), resultando en anquilosis de la columna vertebral. En este contexto, la detección de estas lesiones inflamatorias y estructurales se ha utilizado para diagnosticar y clasificar a estos pacientes, así como también para establecer su pronóstico y la respuesta a los tratamientos instaurados. Con este fin, la radiografía convencional, la resonancia magnética, la ultrasonografía y la tomografía computarizada de baja dosis representan herramientas de gran utilidad para el estudio de pacientes con espondiloartritis axial (EspAax).Citas
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