Nefritis lúpica y embarazo
Palabras clave:
nefritis lúpica, embarazo
Resumen
El manejo de nefritis lúpica (NL) en el embarazo representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico para los médicos. El embarazo produce una serie de cambios fisiológicos que afecta al sistema inmune y al riñón que pueden producir un incremento de la actividad de la enfermedad, así como resultados maternos y fetales adversos como preeclampsia, muerte fetal o parto pretérmino. El bienestar materno y fetal debe ser monitorizado por un equipo multidisciplinario que incluya obstetras, reumatólogos y nefrólogos.Citas
I. Donaldson LB, De Alvarez RR. Further observations on lupus erythematosus associated with pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1962; 83:1461-73.
II. Ellis FA, Bereston ES. Lupus erythematosus associated with pregnancy and menopause. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol 1952; 65:170-6.
III. Khamashta MA. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:685-94.
IV. Cervera R, Font J, Carmona F, Balasch J. Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: good news for the new millennium. Autoimmun Rev 2002; 1:354-9.
V. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughan EM et al. Risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:366-69.
VI. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA. Lupus and pregnancy: Ten questions and some answers. Lupus 2008; 17:416-420.
VII. Clowse MEB, Magder LS, Petri M. The impact of increased lupus activity on obstetric outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:514-521.
VIII. Lima F, Khamashta MA, Buchanan NMM et al. A study of sixty pregnancies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996; 14:131-136.
IX. Ramsey-Goldman R, Kutzer JE, Kuller LH et al. Pregnancy outcome and anti-anticardiolipin antibody in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138:1057-1069.
X. Germain S, Nelson-Piercy C. Lupus nephritis and renal disease in pregnancy. Lupus 2006; 15:148-155.
XI. Branch DW, Khamashta MA. Antiphospholipid syndrome: obstetric diagnosis, management and controversies. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101:1333-1344
XII. Brucato A, Frassi M, Franceschini F et al. Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies detected by counter immune electrophoresis: a prospective study of 100 women. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:1832-1835.
XIII. Cuadrado MJ, Mendonca LLF, Khamashta MA et al. Maternal and fetal outcome in antiphospholipid syndrome pregnancies with a history of previous cerebral ischemia. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:S265.
XIV. Bonnin M, Mercier FJ, Sitbon O et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension during pregnancy. Mode of delivery and anesthetic management of 15 consecutive cases. Anesthesiology 2005; 102:1133-1137.
XV. Mc Millan E, Martin WL, Waugh J et al. Management of pregnancy in women with pulmonary hypertension secondary to SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2002; 11:392-398.
XVI. Ostensen M, Khamashta MA, Lockshin M et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:209-227.
XVII. Ostensen M, Lockshin M, Doria A et al. Update on safety during pregnancy of biological agents and some immunosuppressive antirheumatic drugs. Rheumatology 2008; 47:28-31.
XVIII. Clowse MEB, Magder L, Witter F et al. Hydroxycloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:3640-7.
XIX. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Ramos-Casals M, BritoZeron P, Khamashta MA. Clinical efficacy of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:20-8.
XX. Buchanan NM, Toubi E, Khamashta MA et al. Hydroxicloroquine and lupus pregnancy: review of a series of 36 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 1996; 55:486-88.
XXI. Levy RA, Vilela VS, Cataldo MJ et al. Hydroxycloroquine in lupus pregnancy: doubleblind and placebo -controlled study. Lupus 2001;
10:401-4.
XXII. Hayslett JP, Lynn RI. Effect of pregnancy in patients with lupus nephropathy. Kidney Int 1980; 18:207-220.
XXIII. Jungers P, Dougados M, Pelissler C et al. Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. Report of 104 cases in 36 patients. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142:771-776.
XXIV. Imbasciati E, Surian M, Bottino S et al. Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. A study of 26 pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus eryhtematosus and nephritis. Nephron 1984;
36:46-51.
XXV. Packham DK, Lam SS, Nicholls K et al. Lupus nephritis and pregnancy. Q J Med 1992; 83:315-324.
XXVI. Julkunem H. Renal lupus in pregnancy. Scand J Rheumatol 1998; 27:80-83.
XXVII. Huong DT, Wechsler B, Vauther-Brouzes D et al. Pregnancy and its outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med 1994; 87:721-29.
XXVIII. Oviasu E, E, Hicks J, Cameron JS. The outcome of pregnancy in women with lupus nephritis. Lupus 1991; 1:19-25.
XXIX. Moroni G, Quaglini S, Banfi G et al. Pregnancy in lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 40:713-720.
XXX. Imbasciati E, Tincani A, Gregorini G et al. Pregnancy in women with pre-existing lupus nephritis: predictors of fetal and maternal
outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24(2):344-7.
XXXI. Zulman J, Tala N, Hoffman GS et al. Problems associated with the management of pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1980; 7:37-49.
XXXII. Bobrie G, Liote F, Houiller P et al. Pregnancy in lupus nephritis and related disorders. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 9:339-343.
XXXIII. Carmona F, Font J, Moga I et al. Class III-IV proliferative lupus nephritis and pregnancy: a study of 42 cases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2005; 53:182.
XXXIV. Moroni G, Ponticelli C. Pregnancy after lupus nephritis. Lupus 2005; 14:89-94.
XXXV. Day CJ, Lipkin GW, Savage COS. Lupus nephritis and pregnancy in the 21 st century. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:344-47.
XXXVI. Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5:2060-8.
XXXVII. Milne F, Redman C, Walker J et al. The preeclampsia community guideline (PRECOG): how to screen for and detect onset of preeclampsia in the community. Br Med J 2005; 330:576-580.
XXXVIII. Barton JR, Sibai BM. Prediction and prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112:359-372.
XXXIX. Mackillop LH, Germain SJ, Nelson-Piercy C, Hughes GRV. Effects of lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome on pregnancy. Yearb Obstet Gynecol 2002; 10:105-119.
XL. Askie LM, Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ et al. PARIS Collaborative Group. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of preeclampsia: A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet 2007; 369:1791-8.
XLI. North RA, Ferrier C, Gamble C et al. Prevention of preeclampsia with heparin and antiplatelet drugs in women with renal disease. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 35:357-62.
XLII. Sergio F, Maria Clara D, Gabriella F et al. Prophylaxis of recurrent preeclampsia: Low molecular weight heparin plus low dose aspirin versus low dose aspirin alone. Hypertens Pregnancy 2006; 25:115-27.
XLIII. Mecacci F, Bianchi B, Pieralli A et al. Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by antiphospholipid antibodies. Rheumatology 2009; 48:3:246-9.
XLIV. Ostensen M, Forger F. How safe are antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy? Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2013; 13:1-6.
XLV. Fischer-Betz R, Specker C, Brinks R et al. Low risk of renal flares and negative outcomes in women with lupus nephritis conceiving after switching from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013 Jun 52 (6):1070-6.
XLVI. Auyeung-Kim DJ, Devalaraja MN, Migone TS et al. Development and peri postnatal study in cynomolgus monkeys with belimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against B lymphocyte stimulator. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28:443-55.
XLVII. GlaxoSmithKline. Use of Intravenous (IV) Benlysta in Pregnant Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 2013.
XLVIII. Peart E, Clowse MEB. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy outcomes: an update and review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 26:118-123.
XLIX. Webster P, Wardle A, Bramham K et al. Tacrolimus is an effective treatment for lupus nephritis in pregnancy. Lupus 2014; 0:1-5.
L. Ateka-Barrutia O, Khamashta MA. The challenge of pregnancy for patients with SLE. Lupus 2013; 22:1295-1308.
LI. Cnossen JS, Morris RK, ter Riet G et al. Use of uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review and bivariable metaanalysis. CMAJ 2008; 178:701-11.
LII. Madazli R, Yuksel MA, Oncul M et al. Obstetric outcomes ans prognostic factors of lupus pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Jan; 289(1):49-53.
LIII. Morris RK, Malin G, Robson SC et al. Fetal umbilical artery Doppler to predict compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing in a high risk population: Systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 37:135-42.
LIV. Saavedra MA, Cruz-Reyes C, Vera Lastra O et al. Impact of previous lupus nephritis on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:813-19.
LV. Hannah J, Casian A, D`Cruz D. Tacrolimus use in lupus nephritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2016 Jan; 15(1):93-10.
LVI. De Jesus GR, Mendoza-Pinto C, de Jesus NR et al. Understanding and managing pregnancy in patients with lupus. Autoimmune Dis. 2015; 2015:943490.
LVII. Lv J, Wang W, Li Y. Clinical outcomes and predictors of fetal and maternal consequences of pregnancy in lupus nephritis patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2015 Aug; 47(8):1379-85.
LVIII. Buyon JP, Kim MY, Guerra MM et al. Predictors of pregnancy outcomes in patients with lupus: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163(4):153-63.
II. Ellis FA, Bereston ES. Lupus erythematosus associated with pregnancy and menopause. AMA Arch Derm Syphilol 1952; 65:170-6.
III. Khamashta MA. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:685-94.
IV. Cervera R, Font J, Carmona F, Balasch J. Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus: good news for the new millennium. Autoimmun Rev 2002; 1:354-9.
V. Boumpas DT, Austin HA, Vaughan EM et al. Risk for sustained amenorrhea in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving intermittent pulse cyclophosphamide therapy. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119:366-69.
VI. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Khamashta MA. Lupus and pregnancy: Ten questions and some answers. Lupus 2008; 17:416-420.
VII. Clowse MEB, Magder LS, Petri M. The impact of increased lupus activity on obstetric outcomes. Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52:514-521.
VIII. Lima F, Khamashta MA, Buchanan NMM et al. A study of sixty pregnancies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996; 14:131-136.
IX. Ramsey-Goldman R, Kutzer JE, Kuller LH et al. Pregnancy outcome and anti-anticardiolipin antibody in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138:1057-1069.
X. Germain S, Nelson-Piercy C. Lupus nephritis and renal disease in pregnancy. Lupus 2006; 15:148-155.
XI. Branch DW, Khamashta MA. Antiphospholipid syndrome: obstetric diagnosis, management and controversies. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 101:1333-1344
XII. Brucato A, Frassi M, Franceschini F et al. Risk of congenital complete heart block in newborns of mothers with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies detected by counter immune electrophoresis: a prospective study of 100 women. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:1832-1835.
XIII. Cuadrado MJ, Mendonca LLF, Khamashta MA et al. Maternal and fetal outcome in antiphospholipid syndrome pregnancies with a history of previous cerebral ischemia. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:S265.
XIV. Bonnin M, Mercier FJ, Sitbon O et al. Severe pulmonary hypertension during pregnancy. Mode of delivery and anesthetic management of 15 consecutive cases. Anesthesiology 2005; 102:1133-1137.
XV. Mc Millan E, Martin WL, Waugh J et al. Management of pregnancy in women with pulmonary hypertension secondary to SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2002; 11:392-398.
XVI. Ostensen M, Khamashta MA, Lockshin M et al. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 2006; 8:209-227.
XVII. Ostensen M, Lockshin M, Doria A et al. Update on safety during pregnancy of biological agents and some immunosuppressive antirheumatic drugs. Rheumatology 2008; 47:28-31.
XVIII. Clowse MEB, Magder L, Witter F et al. Hydroxycloroquine in lupus pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:3640-7.
XIX. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Ramos-Casals M, BritoZeron P, Khamashta MA. Clinical efficacy of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:20-8.
XX. Buchanan NM, Toubi E, Khamashta MA et al. Hydroxicloroquine and lupus pregnancy: review of a series of 36 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 1996; 55:486-88.
XXI. Levy RA, Vilela VS, Cataldo MJ et al. Hydroxycloroquine in lupus pregnancy: doubleblind and placebo -controlled study. Lupus 2001;
10:401-4.
XXII. Hayslett JP, Lynn RI. Effect of pregnancy in patients with lupus nephropathy. Kidney Int 1980; 18:207-220.
XXIII. Jungers P, Dougados M, Pelissler C et al. Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. Report of 104 cases in 36 patients. Arch Intern Med 1982; 142:771-776.
XXIV. Imbasciati E, Surian M, Bottino S et al. Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. A study of 26 pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus eryhtematosus and nephritis. Nephron 1984;
36:46-51.
XXV. Packham DK, Lam SS, Nicholls K et al. Lupus nephritis and pregnancy. Q J Med 1992; 83:315-324.
XXVI. Julkunem H. Renal lupus in pregnancy. Scand J Rheumatol 1998; 27:80-83.
XXVII. Huong DT, Wechsler B, Vauther-Brouzes D et al. Pregnancy and its outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. Q J Med 1994; 87:721-29.
XXVIII. Oviasu E, E, Hicks J, Cameron JS. The outcome of pregnancy in women with lupus nephritis. Lupus 1991; 1:19-25.
XXIX. Moroni G, Quaglini S, Banfi G et al. Pregnancy in lupus nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 40:713-720.
XXX. Imbasciati E, Tincani A, Gregorini G et al. Pregnancy in women with pre-existing lupus nephritis: predictors of fetal and maternal
outcome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24(2):344-7.
XXXI. Zulman J, Tala N, Hoffman GS et al. Problems associated with the management of pregnancies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1980; 7:37-49.
XXXII. Bobrie G, Liote F, Houiller P et al. Pregnancy in lupus nephritis and related disorders. Am J Kidney Dis 1987; 9:339-343.
XXXIII. Carmona F, Font J, Moga I et al. Class III-IV proliferative lupus nephritis and pregnancy: a study of 42 cases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2005; 53:182.
XXXIV. Moroni G, Ponticelli C. Pregnancy after lupus nephritis. Lupus 2005; 14:89-94.
XXXV. Day CJ, Lipkin GW, Savage COS. Lupus nephritis and pregnancy in the 21 st century. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24:344-47.
XXXVI. Smyth A, Oliveira GH, Lahr BD et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5:2060-8.
XXXVII. Milne F, Redman C, Walker J et al. The preeclampsia community guideline (PRECOG): how to screen for and detect onset of preeclampsia in the community. Br Med J 2005; 330:576-580.
XXXVIII. Barton JR, Sibai BM. Prediction and prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112:359-372.
XXXIX. Mackillop LH, Germain SJ, Nelson-Piercy C, Hughes GRV. Effects of lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome on pregnancy. Yearb Obstet Gynecol 2002; 10:105-119.
XL. Askie LM, Duley L, Henderson-Smart DJ et al. PARIS Collaborative Group. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of preeclampsia: A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet 2007; 369:1791-8.
XLI. North RA, Ferrier C, Gamble C et al. Prevention of preeclampsia with heparin and antiplatelet drugs in women with renal disease. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 35:357-62.
XLII. Sergio F, Maria Clara D, Gabriella F et al. Prophylaxis of recurrent preeclampsia: Low molecular weight heparin plus low dose aspirin versus low dose aspirin alone. Hypertens Pregnancy 2006; 25:115-27.
XLIII. Mecacci F, Bianchi B, Pieralli A et al. Pregnancy outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus complicated by antiphospholipid antibodies. Rheumatology 2009; 48:3:246-9.
XLIV. Ostensen M, Forger F. How safe are antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy? Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2013; 13:1-6.
XLV. Fischer-Betz R, Specker C, Brinks R et al. Low risk of renal flares and negative outcomes in women with lupus nephritis conceiving after switching from mycophenolate mofetil to azathioprine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013 Jun 52 (6):1070-6.
XLVI. Auyeung-Kim DJ, Devalaraja MN, Migone TS et al. Development and peri postnatal study in cynomolgus monkeys with belimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against B lymphocyte stimulator. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 28:443-55.
XLVII. GlaxoSmithKline. Use of Intravenous (IV) Benlysta in Pregnant Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 2013.
XLVIII. Peart E, Clowse MEB. Systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy outcomes: an update and review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 26:118-123.
XLIX. Webster P, Wardle A, Bramham K et al. Tacrolimus is an effective treatment for lupus nephritis in pregnancy. Lupus 2014; 0:1-5.
L. Ateka-Barrutia O, Khamashta MA. The challenge of pregnancy for patients with SLE. Lupus 2013; 22:1295-1308.
LI. Cnossen JS, Morris RK, ter Riet G et al. Use of uterine artery Doppler ultrasonography to predict pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: A systematic review and bivariable metaanalysis. CMAJ 2008; 178:701-11.
LII. Madazli R, Yuksel MA, Oncul M et al. Obstetric outcomes ans prognostic factors of lupus pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2014 Jan; 289(1):49-53.
LIII. Morris RK, Malin G, Robson SC et al. Fetal umbilical artery Doppler to predict compromise of fetal/neonatal wellbeing in a high risk population: Systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 37:135-42.
LIV. Saavedra MA, Cruz-Reyes C, Vera Lastra O et al. Impact of previous lupus nephritis on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:813-19.
LV. Hannah J, Casian A, D`Cruz D. Tacrolimus use in lupus nephritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2016 Jan; 15(1):93-10.
LVI. De Jesus GR, Mendoza-Pinto C, de Jesus NR et al. Understanding and managing pregnancy in patients with lupus. Autoimmune Dis. 2015; 2015:943490.
LVII. Lv J, Wang W, Li Y. Clinical outcomes and predictors of fetal and maternal consequences of pregnancy in lupus nephritis patients. Int Urol Nephrol. 2015 Aug; 47(8):1379-85.
LVIII. Buyon JP, Kim MY, Guerra MM et al. Predictors of pregnancy outcomes in patients with lupus: A cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163(4):153-63.
Publicado
2015-12-01
Cómo citar
1.
Alba P. Nefritis lúpica y embarazo. Rev. Argent. Reumatol. [Internet]. 1 de diciembre de 2015 [citado 26 de abril de 2024];26(4):31 -36. Disponible en: https://ojs.reumatologia.org.ar/index.php/revistaSAR/article/view/643
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Derechos de autor 2015 A nombre de los autores. Derechos de reproducción: Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
